The head of NewView Options, Bill Drew, makes a rather disturbing claim. “American students aren’t doing well on national writing tests.” He bases his assertion on recent studies that indicate writing skills are in decline in US schools. Drew goes on to say, “That’s why I created NewView Options, wrote The Secret DNA of writing-And Everything Else, engineered the NewView essay writing Services computer program, and created a website to bring it all together.”American students are not writing well? “That’s right,” Drew said. “In a 2003 press release the National Commission on Writing (NCW) called for the immediate launch of a 5-year Writing Challenge to the Nation. The NCW was greatly concerned because the 2002 national results for high school writing tests were at the same low level as the same tests in 1998. Only 1 out of 5 high school seniors could write well enough to do acceptable writing (Proficient) in college. So the NCW called on all levels of government to provide more money, more computer equipment, more teachers, more training of teachers, and more time spent on writing by students in all classes.”The 2008 report said there was ‘no significant change since 2002′ for both eighth- and twelfth-graders in the Proficient level, although there was a barely significant increase over the 1998 scores.”After 5 years, why aren’t we seeing a significant increase in writing skills across the nation? “Because schools teach only the forms of Rhetoric. Now, don’t get me wrong here,” smiles Drew. “You need form in writing, but if that’s all you’ve got, then you’ve got less than half the pie. You need the content that generates form. Writing forms don’t generate content. But that’s what’s being taught in schools across the nation – form, and rhetorical form at that, from a Greek culture that died around 2,000 years ago.

A distinctive feature of a company’s policy in today’s competitive world is to have its own website, which was not the case by the end of the 20th century. As part of their policy to introduce innovative services some railway companies in Europe have implemented such interactive services that their websites now normally use. Among them we can note interactive maps, detailed weather forecasting and online booking. The structure of the website, the target country or area of the website and the type of the content to be found on it are the three most crucial aspects should be taken into account in describing the language they use. In selecting the target audience of the websites or pages one has to outline the geographic areas and what their role is distinguishing between the international, domestic and local websites, which is the result of a thorough and detailed classification. The differences between the online content and the language choices of the analyzed websites were very clear and quite visible. Only customers in their home country can benefit from the wide range of services offered by the website of a particular railway company. The information on these websites is basically written in the official language of the country, while the site itself keeps the most essential documentation related to the specific company. Thus a French to English Translator was asked to translate the information on a Japanese railway company into English, but on the condition that in the English version he would have to provide information that concerns only international customers.

The difference between local websites and domestic websites which are owned by railway companies that operate internationally lies in the fact that former usually have different content oriented towards the foreign customers and sections in the country specific language. The beneficiaries of the information offered in the local websites may be prospective or current residents or just travelers. The content of these web pages very often comprises both of these aspects, but only a small number of cases refers to the services of local customers, not incoming travelers. Companies often have an international landing page or a separate website which contains material that is relevant to all countries and the links to the local sites are the only local references. All this is added to the regional and local websites and pages. Thus, a Certified Italian Translator has been used in the creation and development of the web sites of some companies coming from the Middle East region so that a wider range of customers can reach them. The function of the international website may be a page that serves as an entrance to local sites or simply as a redirection home page.

A distinctive feature of websites is that often part of the content is presented in the target country language of the target country, but many links lead to an international website. A website can be defined as a group of web pages created by a certain organization that deal with a certain subject. This is the definition that most sources will give. For example, the Russian company Artemis has designed a website in which we can select our country when we enter their international page, which takes us back to the definition of a web page. It was the job of the Russian Translator that should be praised because all the necessary texts were translated by him. However, no links to the pages of the other countries are available if we enter the home page in our country. Speaking about the content of the websites we can make the following division: decentralized and centralized depending on the customers and their needs.

Taking into consideration that fact that the idiolect invented by Antony Burgess in his writing is a language that was never known, we may say that it is both peculiar and innovative. In his works Burgess did not intend to mime any dialect or jargon and he did not show what the factual processes occurring in the language were, either. Rather, English was made to experience a penetration that it has never undergone before. Feliciano Puerto, the translator who translated some of Burgess’s work for the Spanish Translator, made use of the Americanized slang used by Spanish teenagers, which is his governing principle. The combination of English and other languages does not point to the fact that English would one day sound like other languages, which was Burgess’s presumption. The language and the plot of A Clockwork Orange (growing cruelty and audacity of youth hoodlums) are treated by the translator as valid forecasts about what is to be expected in our modern society and Alex’s dialect is indicative of this, as it serves as a prophecy that transfers the novel to our cultural environment.

Burgess turns out to present considerable difficulties to both his translators and readers primarily owing to his linguistic inventiveness, which explains why he is not so widely read. Fortunately, A Clockwork Orange was adapted for the cinema by Stanley Kubrick, which gained Antony Burgess a cult status. Moreover, this is supported by the fact that right at the start of his career as a writer in 1962, Burgess’s work was divided into periods. The periods can be divided into: “the exotic period” – the first one, the “repatriate” – the second one and the “fantastic” period is the third one, which means that The Wanting Seed and A Clockwork orange belong to the third period. Throughout the world people are familiar in most cases with the “fantastic period” – the other two being less familiar. The information of Burgesses literary legacy is somewhat misleading as only few of his works are translated and published. The majority of translators had to use Certified New York Translation Services companies in order to obtain the right to translate his books. They concentrated on only one novel, as this was difficult, and were forced to ignore the rest of his works. Antony Burgess is incorrectly referred to as the author of one book – A Clokwork Orange, mainly due to the fact that only a selection of his novels has been translated. Unfortunately, Burgess’s vast heritage is either neglected or translated badly; for example One Hand Clapping was ideologically manipulated, while A Clockwork Orange had to go through some arguably appropriate linguistic experiments.

It is also worth taking into consideration the fact that Burgess is termed by the critics as an alternative author. This is proved by the fact that The Wanting Seed, which views the future quite controversially, is hard to find, while A Clockwork Orange was censored because of presenting the underground world of ultra-violence and for this it tastes like a forbidden fruit. One Hand Clapping that was translated into French by the French Translation is a reminder of propagandist literature and is tempting to those who are interested in the devices used to manipulate. For all of these reasons we might assume that though Burgess’s work was outside the mainstream, he can be considered as an author of experimental fiction.